四川省西溪河地洛水电工程区“7.31”泥石流灾害     

陈兴长  崔鹏  葛永刚  裴来政  方华 《山地学报》2010,28(1)

2009-07-31,四川省凉山彝族自治州西溪河流域金阳县地洛电站施工区暴发泥石流,造成9人死亡、施工道路及设施损毁.通过现场调查和分析认为,"7.31"泥石流是一场高容重低粘度坡面型泥石质泥石流,强降雨是此次泥石流形成的激发条件,工程弃渣是其形成的物质基础和条件,过沟公路未合理设置排水涵洞,路基被毁,沿途大量物质补给是泥石流形成的促进因素."7.31"泥石流隐蔽性强,人们对其危害范围认识不足,防灾意识薄弱,监测预警不到位,是造成人员伤亡与财产损失的重要因素.结合西溪河流域水电开发的现状,针对性地提出了规范人类工程活动,提高防灾意识,加强地质灾害的监测预警等防治对策,建议进一步加强中小水电工程施工的监管力度,切实落实灾害危险性评估与防灾措施,最大限度地减少人为地质灾害.  相似文献   

煤层处置CO2 的二元气- 固耦合数值模拟   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

冯启言  周来  陈中伟  刘继山 《高校地质学报》2009,15(1):63

利用不可开采煤层处置二氧化碳可以有效控制温室气体的排放量并可驱动和增加煤层气资源的开采量。二氧化碳注入煤层处置后引入一个复杂的CH4-CO2二元气体与煤体的气固耦合问题,耦合了二元气体竞争吸附、竞争扩散,气体渗流以及煤体变形过程。基于COMSOL Multiphysics建立了二元气固耦合的有限元数值模型,并应用数值模拟实验对二元气固耦合进行了机理分析。模拟结果表明,CO2注入煤层后不断驱替CH4,CH4组分明显减少;气体吸附引起的煤层膨胀量可以抵消部分有效应力引起的压缩变形,由于CH4-CO2二元气体较单一CH4引起的煤层吸附膨胀量大,二氧化碳注入煤层后可以缓解煤层的压缩变形;不同孔隙压力条件下,吸附膨胀与孔隙压力两者竞争作用引起的煤层净变形不同,而净变形也控制着煤层孔隙压力和渗流率的变化,煤层渗透整体呈现先降后升,模拟进行到4.66×107 s时煤层渗透率发生反弹。  相似文献   

Assessment of CMIP3 climate models and projected changes of precipitation and temperature in the Yangtze River Basin, China   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Hui Tao  Marco Gemmer  Jiahu Jiang  Xijun Lai  Zengxin Zhang 《Climatic change》2012,111(3-4):737-751

The projected changes of precipitation and temperature in the Yangtze River Basin in the 20th Century from 20 models of the CMIP3 (phase 3 of the Coupled Model Inter-comparison Project) dataset are analyzed based on the observed precipitation and temperature data of 147 meteorological stations in the Yangtze River Basin. The results show that all models tend to underestimate the annual mean temperature over the Yangtze River Basin, and to overestimate the annual mean precipitation. The temporal changes of simulated annual mean precipitation and temperature are broadly comparable with the observations, but with large variability among the results of the models. Most of the models can reproduce maximum precipitation during the monsoon season, while all models tend to underestimate the mean temperature of each month over the Yangtze River Basin. The Taylor diagram shows that the differences between modeled and observed temperature are relatively smaller as compared to differences in precipitation. For a detailed investigation of regional characteristics of climate change in the Yangtze River Basin during 2011–2050, the multi-model ensembles produced by an upgraded REA method are carried out for more reliable projections. The projected precipitation and temperature show large spatial variability in the Yangtze River Basin. Mean precipitation will increase under the A1B and B1 scenarios and decrease under the A2 scenario, with linear trends ranging from ?21 to 28.5?mm/decade. Increasing mean temperature can be found in all scenarios with linear trends ranging from 0.15 to 0.48°C/decade. Grids in the head region of the Jingshajiang catchment show distinct increasing trends for all scenarios. Some physical processes associated with precipitation are not well represented in the models.  相似文献   

An analytical investigation of a sequence of unusual springtime ozone episodes over metropolitan Taichung in 2007     

Wan-Li Cheng  Li-Wei Lai  Walter Den  Shu-Ying Wang  Pay-Liam Lin  Chueh-Ying Pai 《Meteorology and Atmospheric Physics》2012,117(3-4):153-166

This study investigated the potential factors contributing to a series of ozone (O₃) episodes in the Taichung metropolis, which occurred during the first half of May 2007. Surface data of the meteorological parameters and air pollutant concentrations, supported by Taiwan Environmental Protection Administration, and vertical data monitored via tethersonde sampling were analysed. The analyses showed that local anthropogenic activities and physical factors such as the sea–air interaction were not the main factors contributing to the O₃ events. Excluding these potential causes, the results suggest that, during the aforementioned period, the stronger Mainland High and Pacific Low may have been responsible for the long-range transport of large quantities of O₃ from Mainland China to Taiwan. Furthermore, O₃ photochemical activity also played an important role in the O₃ episodes. The faster consumption of NO lead to a more rapid increase in the O₃ concentration.  相似文献   

中国不同区域能源消费碳足迹的时空变化(英文)   总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2  

揣小伟  赖力  黄贤金  赵荣钦  王婉晶  陈志刚 《地理学报(英文版)》2012,22(1):110-124

Study on regional carbon emission is one of the hot topics under the background of global climate change and low-carbon economic development, and also help to establish different low-carbon strategies for different regions. On the basis of energy consumption and land use data of different regions in China from 1999 to 2008, this paper established carbon emission and carbon footprint models based on total energy consumption, and calculated the amount of carbon emissions and carbon footprint in different regions of China from 1999 to 2008. The author also analyzed carbon emission density and per unit area carbon footprint for each region. Finally, advices for decreasing carbon footprint were put forward. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) Carbon emissions from total energy consumption increased 129% from 1999 to 2008 in China, but its spatial distribution pattern among different regions just slightly changed, the sorting of carbon emission amount was: Eastern China > Northern China > Central and Southern China > Southwest China > Northwest China. (2) The sorting of carbon emission density was: Eastern China > Northeast China > Central and Southern China > Northern China > Southwest China > Northwest China from 1999 to 2003, but from 2004 Central and Southern China began to have higher carbon emission density than Northeast China, the order of other regions did not change. (3) Carbon footprint increased significantly since the rapid increasing of carbon emissions and less increasing area of pro-ductive land in different regions of China from 1999 to 2008. Northern China had the largest carbon footprint, and Northwest China, Eastern China, Northern China, Central and Southern China followed in turn, while Southwest China presented the lowest area of carbon footprint and the highest percentage of carbon absorption. (4) Mainly influenced by regional land area, Northern China presented the highest per unit area carbon footprint and followed by Eastern China, and Northeast China; Central and Southern China, and Northwest China had a similar medium per unit area carbon footprint; Southwest China always had the lowest per unit area carbon footprint. (5) China faced great ecological pressure brought by carbon emission. Some measures should be taken both from reducing carbon emission and increasing carbon absorption.  相似文献   

地震安全示范社区建设标准研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

李亦纲  吴建春  王忠国  许建华  杜晓霞  赖俊彦  张媛  顾焕良 《震灾防御技术》2015,10(3):621-628

根据中国地震局的统一部署,近几年多个省份开展了地震安全示范社区建设,从加强抗震设防到应急预案编制、志愿者队伍建设、宣传教育等各个方面都不同程度地开展了工作。但现有的地震安全示范社区建设还没有统一建设和评价标准,建设水平也有较大的差距,对于推进这一工作的开展十分不利。本文通过系统的资料收集和调研,结合在大连市开展的具体实践,对地震安全示范社区建设与研究现状进行了分析,综合各省市实践经验和行业管理办法,参考安全社区建设方面的标准和管理规定,给出了地震安全社区的定义、建设标准应包含的要素及主要内容,讨论了应用前景和可能存在的问题,为今后全国范围内进一步开展此项工作提供了依据,也为制定行业标准奠定了基础。  相似文献   

北秦岭丹凤地区产铀花岗岩稀土元素地球化学特征     

王江波  赖绍聪  李卫红  赵如意  惠争卜 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2015,45(6):1713-1721

针对北秦岭丹凤地区产铀花岗岩的区域地层、赋矿围岩、蚀变岩和铀矿石进行稀土元素地球化学研究,结果表明:各类样品具有大体类似的LREE富集及Eu负异常的稀土配分模式,表明它们之间稀土元素特征具有继承性;赋矿黑云母二长花岗岩与区域地层(丹凤岩群变质基性火山岩)稀土元素特征指示,二者均形成于岛弧环境;蚀变花岗岩和铀矿石主要继承了赋矿花岗岩的特征。各类样品Y/Ho值变化范围狭窄,为25.09~33.46,显示它们具有共同的源区。铀矿石具有最高的w_B(∑HREE),且与铀矿石的品位存在正相关关系,暗示HREE与铀的迁移具有同步性。  相似文献   

塔克拉玛干沙漠和田河西侧胡杨沙堆的形态特征及空间分布格局   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

来风兵  孙虎  张展赫  陈蜀江  黄铁成  毛东雷 《中国沙漠》2015,35(2):284-293

胡杨沙堆是风沙流遇到胡杨干扰,沙物质堆积而形成的一种风积地貌类型。在风沙地貌领域,对胡杨沙堆的研究几乎空白。和田河西侧、麻扎塔格山以南的塔克拉玛干沙漠中分布有大量胡杨沙堆。基于野外RTK测量数据,利用GIS和统计手段,对胡杨沙堆进行信息提取与统计,定量分析了和田河西侧10个样方内胡杨沙堆的形态参数及沙堆空间分布格局。结果表明:1)沙堆形态不规则,形态参数空间差异显著,南北向形态参数均值变化较东西向稳定; 2)样方内沙堆形态参数间有良好的相关性,大部分沙堆处于发育阶段; 3)沙堆分布较稀疏,自西向东沙堆分布密度逐渐增大,从南到北为减小-增大-减小的变化趋势,总体上南部密度大于北部,东部密度大于西部; 4)10个样方沙堆与特定距离的随机分布差异性较小,整体上为离散分布,但东部较西部、北部较南部有小部分区域聚集分布。  相似文献   

湖南常德南斗姆湖地区早更新世砾石层砾组分析与沉积特征研究   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0       下载免费PDF全文

刘庚寅  赵伟  魏方辉  罗来  赵睿成  梁恩云 《中国地质调查》2019,6(2):68-75

为了查明洞庭盆地西缘早更新世砾石层沉积特征及沉积环境,在1:5万地质调查基础上,对常德南斗姆湖地区几处第四系砾石层剖面进行了较系统的测量与统计。结果表明: 砾石成分主要来源于寒武纪或前寒武纪地层。砾石分选系数S_a 为1.16~1.64,部分测点S_a>1.40,反映砾石形成时水动力很强,部分砾石层为快速堆积。砾石扁度F为2.06~2.32,大于2.0,砾石以扁平状为主。砾石普遍弱—中等风化,部分砾石强风化,反映砾石在沉积搬运过程中存在风化暴露。砾向分析显示古水流主要来源于SWW—NW向,表明砾石层形成时期古地貌与现有地貌有较大差异。剖面对比得出,区内砾石层是在冲洪积扇基础上发育的以辫状河相为主的沉积体。对研究区砾石层沉积相及古地貌的新认识,为区内金刚石原生矿床的找矿工作提供支撑。  相似文献   

Genesis of the Xiuwenghala Gold Deposit in the Beishan Orogen,Northwest China: Evidence from Geology,Fluid Inclusion,and H–O–S–Pb Isotopes     

Qisong Wang  Jing Zhang  Sunping Shu  Chunkit Lai  Bowen Xu  Haiwei Sun 《Resource Geology》2019,69(2):211-226

The Xiuwenghala gold deposit is located in the Beishan Orogen of the southern Central Asian Orogenic Belt. The vein/lenticular gold orebodies are controlled by Northeast‐trending faults and are hosted mainly in the brecciated/altered tuff and rhyolite porphyry of the Lower Carboniferous Baishan Formation. Metallic minerals include mainly pyrite and minor chalcopyrite, arsenopyrite, galena, and sphalerite, whilst nonmetallic minerals include quartz, chalcedony, sericite, chlorite, and calcite. Hydrothermal alterations consist of silicic, sericite, chlorite, and carbonate. Alteration/mineralization processes comprise three stages: pre‐ore silicic alteration (Stage I), syn‐ore quartz‐chalcedony‐polymetallic sulfide mineralization (Stage II), and post‐ore quartz‐calcite veining (Stage III). Fluid inclusions (FIs) in quartz and calcite are dominated by L‐type with minor V‐type and lack any daughter mineral‐bearing or CO₂‐rich/‐bearing inclusions. From Stages I to III, the FIs homogenized at 240–260°C, 220–250°C, and 150–190°C, with corresponding salinities of 2.9–10.9, 3.2–11.1, and 2.9–11.9 wt.% NaCl eqv., respectively. The mineralization depth at Xiuwenghala is estimated to be relatively shallow (<1 km). FI results indicate that the ore‐forming fluids belong to a low to medium‐temperature, low‐salinity, and low‐density NaCl‐H₂O system. The values decrease from Stage I to III (3.7‰, 1.7–2.4‰, and ?1.7 to 0.9‰, respectively), and a similar trend is found for their values (?104 to ?90‰, ?126 to ?86‰, and ?130 to ?106‰, respectively). This indicates that the fluid source gradually evolved from magmatic to meteoric. δ³⁴S values of the hydrothermal pyrites (?3.0 to 0.0‰; avg. ?1.1‰) resemble those of typical magmatic/mantle‐derived sulfides. Pyrite Pb isotopic compositions (²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb = 18.409–18.767, ²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pb = 15.600–15.715, ²⁰⁸Pb^/204Pb = 38.173–38.654) are similar to those of the (sub)volcanic ore host, indicating that the origin of ore‐forming material was mainly the upper crustal (sub)volcanic rocks. Integrating evidence from geology, FIs, and H–O–S–Pb isotopes, we suggest that Xiuwenghala is best classified as a low‐sulfidation epithermal gold deposit.  相似文献